5th disease

Fifth disease is a viral illness caused by parvovirus B19. Despite the often pronounced skin rash, it is generally a mild condition that does not require specific treatment and resolves on its own.

How does it present?

The first and most typical symptom is the sudden appearance of bright red patches on the cheeks, resembling a "slapped face." This rash is often mistaken for an allergic reaction. It then spreads to the torso, arms, and legs in the form of small red spots, which may merge together.

Characteristic signs of fifth disease:

• The rash does not itch and does not disappear after taking antihistamines (e.g., Fenistil), as is usually the case with allergies.

• The rash intensifies with warmth—such as after waking up under a blanket or after a bath. In colder conditions, it may fade.

• The child is generally in good overall condition, with no significant systemic symptoms. Fever is either absent or only mildly elevated.

• The greatest contagiousness occurs before the rash appears—that is, during the phase when no skin symptoms are yet visible.

• No treatment is necessary—the rash fades spontaneously within 5–10 days.

• The incubation period (from infection to symptom onset) is 4–14 days.

• After the illness, long-term (likely lifelong) immunity develops.

• Caution in pregnant women – parvovirus B19 infection may pose a risk to the fetus. If a pregnant woman has been in contact with an infected child, she should consult her doctor.